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    <p>I get those readings but note:<br>
    </p>
    <p>3. For a long time, Kim didn't speak.<br>
    </p>
    only has your reading 2.<br>
    <br>
    so although I'd want to try and give an underspecified semantics for
    your sentence, one would have to do that in a way that recognised
    this has a different semantics.<br>
    <br>
    for negation there's an extensive literature - I'd recommend Horn's
    book.<br>
    <br>
    For some of these type of examples, I've played around with an
    account that decomposes the event variable so that one might claim
    that the negation was operating over different parts of a complex
    event structure in standard MRS.  But that only allows for 3 in a
    very stipulative way, if it works at all.  Negated events are
    complicated.<br>
    <br>
    Incidentally, Ivan Sag (somewhere) had a discussion of examples
    like:<br>
    <br>
      The Sheriff of Nottingham jailed Robin Hood for three years.<br>
    <br>
    which may be relevant - I honestly can't remember.<br>
    <br>
    Anyway - I was trying to answer a slightly different type of
    question, which was what the semantics of unexpected_rel might be. 
    I was just trying to convey the modal flavour - not talking about
    the different readings the English sentence might have.  It may be
    that with some sort of account that did the negation examples, one
    could also get a non-scopal `unexpectedly' to give two structurally
    different readings, but that's a somewhat different issue.<br>
    <br>
    All best,<br>
    <br>
    Ann<br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 17/05/17 02:08, Guy Emerson wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CADPj3xF5Z4crZyArK0hP12HgorLFBPWk93X4=ihJ9WE3aefpmg@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <div>So, if I've understood correctly:<br>
                <br>
                - using a scopal modifier for negation only leaves one
                variable for non-scopal modifiers<br>
              </div>
              - using a modal for negation would allow non-scopal
              modifiers to take either the main verb's variable, or the
              modal's variable<br>
              <br>
            </div>
            But then, what about "Kim didn't speak for a long time",
            which I think can have two readings:<br>
            <br>
          </div>
          1. Kim spoke for only a short time<br>
        </div>
        <div>2. Kim was silent for a long time<br>
          <br>
        </div>
        <div>It looks like the ERG just gets the first reading.<br>
        </div>
        <div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <div>
                <div><br>
                  <br>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">2017-05-11 13:55 GMT-07:00 Ann
            Copestake <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk" target="_blank">aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk</a>&gt;</span>:<br>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
              .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
                <p>I think <i>unexpectedly</i> is scopal in at least
                  some circumstances.  Specifically I would say the
                  semantics of <i>unexpectedly</i> is modal (in a broad
                  sense) - e.g., I could treat it in terms of possible
                  worlds that I'm considering at some timepoint t - if
                  in only 1% of possible worlds does P happen, and P
                  actually happens by t' (where t' &gt; t) then
                  unexpected(P).  This is very crude and incomplete, but
                  all I'm trying to do here is convey the modal
                  intuition.<br>
                </p>
                <p> Under this interpretation:<br>
                </p>
                <p>  unexpected(not(win(Kim))) <br>
                </p>
                <p>means that at time t I thought not(win(Kim)) had 1%
                  chance, but at t' not(win(Kim)) has come to pass</p>
                <p>this isn't the same as:<br>
                </p>
                <p>  not(unexpected(win(Kim)))<br>
                </p>
                which means it-is-not-the-case that [ at time t I
                thought win(Kim) had 1% chance and at t' win(Kim) has
                come to pass ]  i.e., either I expected Kim to win all
                along or Kim actually didn't win<span><br>
                  <br>
                  <blockquote type="cite">Also, in (3), unexpectedly
                    could be a sentence-initial discourse
                    <div>adverb (scopal?) or an adverb extracted from
                      lower in the clause...</div>
                  </blockquote>
                  <br>
                </span> As I remember it, the discussion about possible
                sentence situation meaning is a semantic one rather than
                depending on whether there's extraction or not.  <br>
                <br>
                All best,<br>
                <br>
                Ann
                <div>
                  <div class="m_-310726251724269823h5"><br>
                    <br>
                    <div
                      class="m_-310726251724269823m_-1602240225619716942moz-cite-prefix">On
                      11/05/2017 21:13, Emily M. Bender wrote:<br>
                    </div>
                    <blockquote type="cite">
                      <div dir="ltr">Thanks, Ann, for the quick reply! 
                        This connects to other things I've been
                        <div>curious about recently, including how we
                          decide if something like "unexpectedly"</div>
                        <div>is scopal or not. Also, in (3),
                          unexpectedly could be a sentence-initial
                          discourse</div>
                        <div>adverb (scopal?) or an adverb extracted
                          from lower in the clause...</div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>Emily</div>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                        <div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, May 10, 2017 at
                          2:11 AM, Ann Copestake <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk"
                              target="_blank">aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk</a>&gt;</span>
                          wrote:<br>
                          <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
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                              <p>I think the idea is to represent the
                                contrast between:<br>
                              </p>
                              <p>1   We could unexpectedly close the
                                window.</p>
                              <p>either ability to close or actual
                                closure is unexpected<br>
                              </p>
                              <p>2   We did not unexpectedly close the
                                window.</p>
                              <p>only the closure (if it had happened)
                                would be unexpected.</p>
                              <p>I don't think this is actually the best
                                analysis.  For instance, for me,<br>
                              </p>
                              <p>3   Unexpectedly we did not close the
                                window.</p>
                              has another reading, which we are not
                              capturing in MRS.  Claudia Maiernborn
                              would (perhaps) treat this as a sentential
                              situation rather than an event
                              modification and it may be that analysis
                              is also available for 1 instead of the
                              modal modification analysis.<br>
                              <br>
                              I'm afraid I don't have time to discuss
                              this properly at the moment, though.  I
                              feel such a discussion has taken place,
                              but don't remember the venue.<br>
                              <br>
                              All best,<br>
                              <br>
                              Ann
                              <div>
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                                  class="m_-310726251724269823m_-1602240225619716942h5"><br>
                                  <br>
                                  <br>
                                  <div
class="m_-310726251724269823m_-1602240225619716942m_6920975839983985265moz-cite-prefix">On
                                    10/05/2017 01:13, Emily M. Bender
                                    wrote:<br>
                                  </div>
                                  <blockquote type="cite">
                                    <div dir="ltr">Dear all,
                                      <div><br>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>I'm curious about the
                                        different in analysis between
                                        neg_rel and (other) scopal
                                        adverbial </div>
                                      <div>modifiers on the one hand and
                                        modals on the other in the
                                        treatment of the INDEX:</div>
                                      <div><br>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>In (1) and (2), the INDEX of
                                        the whole MRS points to the ARG0
                                        of _sleep_v_rel:</div>
                                      <div><br>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>(1) Kim doesn't sleep.</div>
                                      <div>(2) Kim probably sleeps.</div>
                                      <div><br>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>... where in (3) and (4) it
                                        points to the ARG0 of _can_v_rel
                                        and _would_v_rel respectively:</div>
                                      <div><br>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>(3) Kim can sleep.</div>
                                      <div>(4) Kim would sleep.</div>
                                      <div><br>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>I'm wondering what difference
                                        we intend to model here.  (This
                                        question comes up now</div>
                                      <div>because we're looking at
                                        negation in my grammar
                                        engineering class, and the
                                        out-of-the-box</div>
                                      <div>analysis for languages which
                                        express negation with an
                                        auxiliary has neg_rel falling</div>
                                      <div>in the latter class.)</div>
                                      <div><br>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>Thanks,</div>
                                      <div>Emily</div>
                                      <div><br clear="all">
                                        <div><br>
                                        </div>
                                        -- <br>
                                        <div
class="m_-310726251724269823m_-1602240225619716942m_6920975839983985265gmail_signature"
data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
                                          <div dir="ltr">
                                            <div>
                                              <div dir="ltr">
                                                <div>
                                                  <div dir="ltr">Emily
                                                    M. Bender<br>
                                                    Professor, <span
                                                      style="font-size:12.8px">Department
                                                      of Linguistics</span></div>
                                                  <div dir="ltr">Check
                                                    out CLMS on
                                                    facebook! <a
                                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.facebook.com/uwclma" target="_blank">http://www.facebook.com/uwclma</a><br>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </blockquote>
                                  <br>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </blockquote>
                        </div>
                        <br>
                        <br clear="all">
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        -- <br>
                        <div
                          class="m_-310726251724269823m_-1602240225619716942gmail_signature"
                          data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
                          <div dir="ltr">
                            <div>
                              <div dir="ltr">
                                <div>
                                  <div dir="ltr">Emily M. Bender<br>
                                    Professor, <span
                                      style="font-size:12.8px">Department
                                      of Linguistics</span></div>
                                  <div dir="ltr">Check out CLMS on
                                    facebook! <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.facebook.com/uwclma" target="_blank">http://www.facebook.com/uwclma</a><br>
                                  </div>
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                    <br>
                  </div>
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