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    <p>my intuition is that events (eventualities) with modals make some
      sense in an object language: <br>
    </p>
    <p>Kim can close the window.</p>
    <p>can(e,k,close(e',k,w))<br>
    </p>
    e refers to the state of Kim having the ability, much as in<br>
    <br>
    Kim believes Sandy slept.<br>
    <br>
    believe(e,k,sleep(e',s))<br>
    <br>
    we can talk about the state of Kim having the belief.<br>
    <br>
    Kim could close the window for an hour.<br>
    <br>
    has a reading where it's Kim's ability that lasts for an hour (e.g.,
    follow up with "and then was too weak") - that seems OK in terms of
    eventuality modification.<br>
    <br>
    Originally event semantics didn't include states and people argued
    both ways, and off the top of my head, I can't remember who ... 
    Still, states make a certain amount of sense in terms of a
    collection of properties or potentialities associated with a
    spatio-temporal location, in a way that the not "event" and the
    probably "event" don't.  I think one might find discussion of why
    not events don't make sense in some of the situation semantics
    literature.<br>
    <br>
    Decomposed events have been proposed in a number of contexts where
    the adverbial seems to refer to a preparatory state or whatever. 
    Higginbotham and various Generative Lexicon people (Pustejovsky et
    al), for instance.  e.g.,<br>
    <br>
    (13) Mary came in an hour for an hour.<br>
    <br>
    from a paper that talks about the event decomposition idea (which I
    just found with an extremely cursory search, so don't take it as a
    proper citation)
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/pals/research/linguistics/publications/wpl/96papers/evans">https://www.ucl.ac.uk/pals/research/linguistics/publications/wpl/96papers/evans</a><br>
    <br>
    So the idea that one can say that there's a preparatory state of not
    talking in:<br>
    <br>
    (2a) Kim didn't speak for a long time. <br>
     <br>
    is perhaps sort of plausible.  i.e., one could claim that the single
    event allows an underspecification of the two readings.<br>
    But then <br>
    <br>
    <div>(2b) For a long time, Kim didn't speak. ;;; Kim was silent for
      a long time</div>
    <div><br>
    </div>
    is problematic in that it only has the one reading.  One could
    stipulate that, of course, but it's not pretty.<br>
    <br>
    Maybe I'm wrong to be so worried and someone has seriously proposed
    not events.  Ask Alex? What one's looking for (in terms of the
    object language) is a literature where the denotation is discussed -
    not simply an argument from ambiguity / readings.  <br>
    <br>
    Cheers,<br>
    <br>
    Ann<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 19/05/2017 04:17, Emily M. Bender
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAMype6dR=WvHom1YgXWpPt79sAP1oVMjEbNKpHqSMZwSMie9JA@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">Right---I'm trying to understand why it is that we
        give different representations
        <div>for not v. other modal operators wrt which event variable
          is exposed, with the</div>
        <div>longer range goal of getting to tests that could in
          principle be applied in other languages</div>
        <div>too, so we could find out if the representation we pick for
          sentential negation</div>
        <div>works across languages.  </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Collecting the data that has come up so far in this thread:</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>(1a) <span style="font-size:12.8px">We could unexpectedly
            close the window. ;;;  could(unexpectedly(close)) /
            unexpectedly(could(close))</span></div>
        <div><span style="font-size:12.8px">(1b) </span><span
            style="font-size:12.8px">We did not unexpectedly close the
            window. ;;; not(unexpectedly(close))</span></div>
        <div><span style="font-size:12.8px">(1c) </span><span
            style="font-size:12.8px">Unexpectedly we did not close the
            window. ;;; unexpectedly(not(close))</span></div>
        <div><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br>
          </span></div>
        <div><span style="font-size:12.8px">[Aside: The reason I was
            asking about extraction is that we do have a construction
            that</span></div>
        <div><span style="font-size:12.8px">allows an adverb to attach
            low in the semantics but appear at the left edge of the
            clause.</span></div>
        <div><span style="font-size:12.8px">That would predict
            not(unexpectedly(close)) for (1c), which I think isn't
            available.]</span></div>
        <div><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br>
          </span></div>
        <div>(2a) Kim didn't speak for a long time. ;;; Kim spoke for
          only a short time / Kim was silent for a long time<br>
        </div>
        <div>(2b) For a long time, Kim didn't speak. ;;; Kim was silent
          for a long time</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>If (1a) is really ambiguous, is that meant to be an
          argument that 'could' has its</div>
        <div>own event that can be modified?  Why is it less problematic
          for a modal operator like</div>
        <div>'could' to introduce an event (in terms of the underlying
          semantics) than something</div>
        <div>like 'probably' or 'not'?  Do the readings of (1b) and (1c)
          correspond to the two readings of (1a)?  </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Just now it seems to me that the two readings of (1a) and
          the pair (1b)/(1c) aren't really</div>
        <div>relevant to the question of which INDEX is propagated,
          because in any case the ARG1 of</div>
        <div>unexpectedly or not is handle-valued.  But, we'd consider
          'for a long time' to be a non-scopal </div>
        <div>modifier in (2), right?   So what do we want 'for' to take
          as its ARG in (2b)/the second</div>
        <div>reading of (2a)?</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Emily</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <span style="font-size:12.8px"></span></div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, May 18, 2017 at 6:55 PM, Guy
          Emerson <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:gete2@cam.ac.uk" target="_blank">gete2@cam.ac.uk</a>&gt;</span>
          wrote:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div dir="ltr">I think Emily's goal was to figure out what
              representation we should use, and whether we need to have
              different representations cross-linguistically.  (Emily,
              is that a fair summary?)  I can see that a negated event
              could be problematic, but I was going off the ERG
              semantics, where neg_rel has two arguments, so it looks
              like we do have not(e,P).  In DMRS, we can avoid saying
              whether there is an event, but it's there in the MRS.<br>
              <br>
              <br>
            </div>
            <div class="HOEnZb">
              <div class="h5">
                <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                  <div class="gmail_quote">2017-05-18 8:01 GMT-07:00 Ann
                    Copestake <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="mailto:aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk" target="_blank">aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk</a>&gt;</span>:<br>
                    <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
                      .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                      <div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
                        <p>I do think it's really important to be clear
                          what the goals are.  Are you trying to figure
                          out what the representation should be in terms
                          of the underlying semantics?  Because then
                          talking about negation events could well be
                          problematic.  There are moves one can make
                          which might work - e.g., situations in Barwise
                          and Perry terms (but then that doesn't
                          necessarily fit with other things we're doing)
                          - but one can't simply write e.g., not(e,P)
                          and assume it's meaningful.  I mean, maybe you
                          want e to refer to the period of time when
                          not(P) holds.  But I guess you can see that
                          this is not something that is obviously OK.<br>
                        </p>
                        <p>Alternatively, you're essentially leaving the
                          object language up to someone else and trying
                          to come up with a representation which
                          captures the right things about the
                          syntax/semantics interface.  But I still think
                          you have to know something about plausible
                          target object languages.  <br>
                        </p>
                        <p>All best,</p>
                        <p>Ann<br>
                        </p>
                        <div>
                          <div class="m_-8265124334523577790h5"> <br>
                            <div
                              class="m_-8265124334523577790m_-6591178192211473240moz-cite-prefix">On
                              17/05/17 21:14, Guy Emerson wrote:<br>
                            </div>
                            <blockquote type="cite">
                              <div dir="ltr">
                                <div>To bring this back to Emily's
                                  question, I can think of two ways that
                                  we might represent the "silent for a
                                  long time" reading:<br>
                                  <br>
                                </div>
                                Option 1. "for a long time" takes the
                                neg_rel's variable as an argument.  This
                                could be constructed compositionally
                                using the negation-as-a-modal analysis
                                that Emily mentioned.  This would then
                                allow neg_rel to have a consistent
                                semantics in the Grammar Matrix.<br>
                                <br>
                                On the downside, if we push the INDEX up
                                to the neg_rel, we can't get hold of
                                _speak_v_rel any more - which we need if
                                we're going to model adverbs attaching
                                after negation but scoping underneath
                                negation.  With DMRS composition, we can
                                construct it compositionally even if we
                                stick with the scopal modifier approach
                                (so the INDEX is still "speak"), and
                                then connect an ARG/EQ link to the
                                LTOP.  This would, however, mean
                                relaxing the constraints in the proposed
                                DMRS algebra, since we have an /EQ link
                                selecting the LTOP, not the INDEX.<br>
                                <br>
                                <div>Option 2. "for a long time" shares
                                  a label with the neg_rel, but still
                                  takes _speak_v_rel as an argument.  So
                                  then "for a long time" is outside the
                                  scope of negation.  To construct this
                                  compositionally, we want _speak_v_rel
                                  to be the INDEX (for both MRS and DMRS
                                  composition).<br>
                                  <br>
                                </div>
                                <div>If we take this approach, then we
                                  can treat modals as scopal modifiers
                                  and still get two readings.  So this
                                  doesn't directly answer Emily's
                                  question, because now there are two
                                  different ways of getting two
                                  readings.  But it would at least
                                  suggest that we can treat modals as
                                  scopal modifiers, which would allow a
                                  more consistent semantics of negation
                                  in the Grammar Matrix.<br>
                                </div>
                                <div><br>
                                  <br>
                                  <br>
                                </div>
                                <div>That's the main thing I wanted to
                                  say - but Re: Robin Hood:<br>
                                </div>
                                <div><br>
                                </div>
                                <div>I've found Ivan Sag's discussion of
                                  the jailing Robin Hood examples (<a
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    href="https://www.academia.edu/2798317/Adjunct_scope"
                                    target="_blank">https://www.academia.edu/2798<wbr>317/Adjunct_scope</a>),
                                  apparently discussed by Dowty (1979). 
                                  I can see the relevance, in that "for
                                  three years" could refer to the time
                                  in jail, or the time spent putting him
                                  in jail.  But I'm not convinced by the
                                  argument that we should decompose this
                                  as a causative - otherwise, the verb
                                  "sentence" also seems like it could be
                                  decomposed into something like
                                  cause(be-in-jail), but it doesn't
                                  pattern like "jail":<br>
                                  <br>
                                  The Sheriff of Nottingham jailed Robin
                                  Hood for three years.<br>
                                  *The Sheriff of Nottingham jailed
                                  Robin Hood to three years.<br>
                                  The Sheriff of Nottingham sentenced
                                  Robin Hood for three years. (repeated
                                  jailing reading)<br>
                                  The Sheriff of Nottingham sentenced
                                  Robin Hood to three years. (single
                                  jailing reading)<br>
                                  <br>
                                </div>
                                <div>In any case, we can get different
                                  readings for verbs without an obvious
                                  lexical decomposition:<br>
                                  <br>
                                </div>
                                <div>I ate meat for a year (but then
                                  became vegetarian)<br>
                                </div>
                                <div>I ate meat for an hour (and then I
                                  was very full)<br>
                                  <br>
                                </div>
                                <div>Bouma&amp;Malouf&amp;Sag also
                                  discuss "open again", but similarly,
                                  "Kim bought X and sold it again" has a
                                  reading where this is the first time
                                  Kim sold it.  And explicitly
                                  representing that reading by
                                  decomposing "sell" would require
                                  something like cause(be-sold).  This
                                  seems dubious to me.  I'm much more
                                  tempted to say that "again" has a
                                  fuzzier meaning than Dowty assumes.<br>
                                </div>
                                <div><br>
                                </div>
                                <div>I couldn't find any examples which
                                  convinced me that there's an
                                  interaction with the morphosyntax, so
                                  I feel like this is all something that
                                  we can safely leave out of the MRS.<br>
                                </div>
                                <div><br>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                                <div class="gmail_quote">2017-05-17 3:57
                                  GMT-07:00 Ann Copestake <span
                                    dir="ltr">&lt;<a
                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                                      href="mailto:aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk"
                                      target="_blank">aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk</a>&gt;</span>:<br>
                                  <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
                                    style="margin:0 0 0
                                    .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc
                                    solid;padding-left:1ex">
                                    <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
                                      text="#000000">
                                      <p>I get those readings but note:<br>
                                      </p>
                                      <p>3. For a long time, Kim didn't
                                        speak.<br>
                                      </p>
                                      only has your reading 2.<br>
                                      <br>
                                      so although I'd want to try and
                                      give an underspecified semantics
                                      for your sentence, one would have
                                      to do that in a way that
                                      recognised this has a different
                                      semantics.<br>
                                      <br>
                                      for negation there's an extensive
                                      literature - I'd recommend Horn's
                                      book.<br>
                                      <br>
                                      For some of these type of
                                      examples, I've played around with
                                      an account that decomposes the
                                      event variable so that one might
                                      claim that the negation was
                                      operating over different parts of
                                      a complex event structure in
                                      standard MRS.  But that only
                                      allows for 3 in a very stipulative
                                      way, if it works at all.  Negated
                                      events are complicated.<br>
                                      <br>
                                      Incidentally, Ivan Sag (somewhere)
                                      had a discussion of examples like:<br>
                                      <br>
                                        The Sheriff of Nottingham jailed
                                      Robin Hood for three years.<br>
                                      <br>
                                      which may be relevant - I honestly
                                      can't remember.<br>
                                      <br>
                                      Anyway - I was trying to answer a
                                      slightly different type of
                                      question, which was what the
                                      semantics of unexpected_rel might
                                      be.  I was just trying to convey
                                      the modal flavour - not talking
                                      about the different readings the
                                      English sentence might have.  It
                                      may be that with some sort of
                                      account that did the negation
                                      examples, one could also get a
                                      non-scopal `unexpectedly' to give
                                      two structurally different
                                      readings, but that's a somewhat
                                      different issue.<br>
                                      <br>
                                      All best,<br>
                                      <br>
                                      Ann
                                      <div>
                                        <div
                                          class="m_-8265124334523577790m_-6591178192211473240h5"><br>
                                          <br>
                                          <div
class="m_-8265124334523577790m_-6591178192211473240m_-8944700136553354417moz-cite-prefix">On
                                            17/05/17 02:08, Guy Emerson
                                            wrote:<br>
                                          </div>
                                          <blockquote type="cite">
                                            <div dir="ltr">
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <div>So, if I've
                                                      understood
                                                      correctly:<br>
                                                      <br>
                                                      - using a scopal
                                                      modifier for
                                                      negation only
                                                      leaves one
                                                      variable for
                                                      non-scopal
                                                      modifiers<br>
                                                    </div>
                                                    - using a modal for
                                                    negation would allow
                                                    non-scopal modifiers
                                                    to take either the
                                                    main verb's
                                                    variable, or the
                                                    modal's variable<br>
                                                    <br>
                                                  </div>
                                                  But then, what about
                                                  "Kim didn't speak for
                                                  a long time", which I
                                                  think can have two
                                                  readings:<br>
                                                  <br>
                                                </div>
                                                1. Kim spoke for only a
                                                short time<br>
                                              </div>
                                              <div>2. Kim was silent for
                                                a long time<br>
                                                <br>
                                              </div>
                                              <div>It looks like the ERG
                                                just gets the first
                                                reading.<br>
                                              </div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div><br>
                                                        <br>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                                                <div class="gmail_quote">2017-05-11
                                                  13:55 GMT-07:00 Ann
                                                  Copestake <span
                                                    dir="ltr">&lt;<a
                                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk" target="_blank">aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk</a>&gt;</span>:<br>
                                                  <blockquote
                                                    class="gmail_quote"
                                                    style="margin:0 0 0
                                                    .8ex;border-left:1px
                                                    #ccc
                                                    solid;padding-left:1ex">
                                                    <div
                                                      bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
                                                      text="#000000">
                                                      <p>I think <i>unexpectedly</i>
                                                        is scopal in at
                                                        least some
                                                        circumstances. 
                                                        Specifically I
                                                        would say the
                                                        semantics of <i>unexpectedly</i>
                                                        is modal (in a
                                                        broad sense) -
                                                        e.g., I could
                                                        treat it in
                                                        terms of
                                                        possible worlds
                                                        that I'm
                                                        considering at
                                                        some timepoint t
                                                        - if in only 1%
                                                        of possible
                                                        worlds does P
                                                        happen, and P
                                                        actually happens
                                                        by t' (where t'
                                                        &gt; t) then
                                                        unexpected(P). 
                                                        This is very
                                                        crude and
                                                        incomplete, but
                                                        all I'm trying
                                                        to do here is
                                                        convey the modal
                                                        intuition.<br>
                                                      </p>
                                                      <p> Under this
                                                        interpretation:<br>
                                                      </p>
                                                      <p> 
                                                        unexpected(not(win(Kim)))
                                                        <br>
                                                      </p>
                                                      <p>means that at
                                                        time t I thought
                                                        not(win(Kim))
                                                        had 1% chance,
                                                        but at t'
                                                        not(win(Kim))
                                                        has come to pass</p>
                                                      <p>this isn't the
                                                        same as:<br>
                                                      </p>
                                                      <p> 
                                                        not(unexpected(win(Kim)))<br>
                                                      </p>
                                                      which means
                                                      it-is-not-the-case
                                                      that [ at time t I
                                                      thought win(Kim)
                                                      had 1% chance and
                                                      at t' win(Kim) has
                                                      come to pass ] 
                                                      i.e., either I
                                                      expected Kim to
                                                      win all along or
                                                      Kim actually
                                                      didn't win<span><br>
                                                        <br>
                                                        <blockquote
                                                          type="cite">Also,
                                                          in (3),
                                                          unexpectedly
                                                          could be a
                                                          sentence-initial
                                                          discourse
                                                          <div>adverb
                                                          (scopal?) or
                                                          an adverb
                                                          extracted from
                                                          lower in the
                                                          clause...</div>
                                                        </blockquote>
                                                        <br>
                                                      </span> As I
                                                      remember it, the
                                                      discussion about
                                                      possible sentence
                                                      situation meaning
                                                      is a semantic one
                                                      rather than
                                                      depending on
                                                      whether there's
                                                      extraction or
                                                      not.  <br>
                                                      <br>
                                                      All best,<br>
                                                      <br>
                                                      Ann
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div
class="m_-8265124334523577790m_-6591178192211473240m_-8944700136553354417m_-310726251724269823h5"><br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          <div
class="m_-8265124334523577790m_-6591178192211473240m_-8944700136553354417m_-310726251724269823m_-1602240225619716942moz-cite-prefix">On
                                                          11/05/2017
                                                          21:13, Emily
                                                          M. Bender
                                                          wrote:<br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          type="cite">
                                                          <div dir="ltr">Thanks,
                                                          Ann, for the
                                                          quick reply! 
                                                          This connects
                                                          to other
                                                          things I've
                                                          been
                                                          <div>curious
                                                          about
                                                          recently,
                                                          including how
                                                          we decide if
                                                          something like
                                                          "unexpectedly"</div>
                                                          <div>is scopal
                                                          or not. Also,
                                                          in (3),
                                                          unexpectedly
                                                          could be a
                                                          sentence-initial
                                                          discourse</div>
                                                          <div>adverb
                                                          (scopal?) or
                                                          an adverb
                                                          extracted from
                                                          lower in the
                                                          clause...</div>
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>Emily</div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div
                                                          class="gmail_extra"><br>
                                                          <div
                                                          class="gmail_quote">On
                                                          Wed, May 10,
                                                          2017 at 2:11
                                                          AM, Ann
                                                          Copestake <span
                                                          dir="ltr">&lt;<a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk" target="_blank">aac10@cl.cam.ac.uk</a>&gt;</span>
                                                          wrote:<br>
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          class="gmail_quote"
style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                                                          <div
                                                          bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
                                                          text="#000000">
                                                          <p>I think the
                                                          idea is to
                                                          represent the
                                                          contrast
                                                          between:<br>
                                                          </p>
                                                          <p>1   We
                                                          could
                                                          unexpectedly
                                                          close the
                                                          window.</p>
                                                          <p>either
                                                          ability to
                                                          close or
                                                          actual closure
                                                          is unexpected<br>
                                                          </p>
                                                          <p>2   We did
                                                          not
                                                          unexpectedly
                                                          close the
                                                          window.</p>
                                                          <p>only the
                                                          closure (if it
                                                          had happened)
                                                          would be
                                                          unexpected.</p>
                                                          <p>I don't
                                                          think this is
                                                          actually the
                                                          best
                                                          analysis.  For
                                                          instance, for
                                                          me,<br>
                                                          </p>
                                                          <p>3  
                                                          Unexpectedly
                                                          we did not
                                                          close the
                                                          window.</p>
                                                          has another
                                                          reading, which
                                                          we are not
                                                          capturing in
                                                          MRS.  Claudia
                                                          Maiernborn
                                                          would
                                                          (perhaps)
                                                          treat this as
                                                          a sentential
                                                          situation
                                                          rather than an
                                                          event
                                                          modification
                                                          and it may be
                                                          that analysis
                                                          is also
                                                          available for
                                                          1 instead of
                                                          the modal
                                                          modification
                                                          analysis.<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          I'm afraid I
                                                          don't have
                                                          time to
                                                          discuss this
                                                          properly at
                                                          the moment,
                                                          though.  I
                                                          feel such a
                                                          discussion has
                                                          taken place,
                                                          but don't
                                                          remember the
                                                          venue.<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          All best,<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          Ann
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
class="m_-8265124334523577790m_-6591178192211473240m_-8944700136553354417m_-310726251724269823m_-1602240225619716942h5"><br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          <div
class="m_-8265124334523577790m_-6591178192211473240m_-8944700136553354417m_-310726251724269823m_-1602240225619716942m_6920975839983985265moz-cite-prefix">On
                                                          10/05/2017
                                                          01:13, Emily
                                                          M. Bender
                                                          wrote:<br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          type="cite">
                                                          <div dir="ltr">Dear
                                                          all,
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>I'm
                                                          curious about
                                                          the different
                                                          in analysis
                                                          between
                                                          neg_rel and
                                                          (other) scopal
                                                          adverbial </div>
                                                          <div>modifiers
                                                          on the one
                                                          hand and
                                                          modals on the
                                                          other in the
                                                          treatment of
                                                          the INDEX:</div>
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>In (1)
                                                          and (2), the
                                                          INDEX of the
                                                          whole MRS
                                                          points to the
                                                          ARG0 of
                                                          _sleep_v_rel:</div>
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>(1) Kim
                                                          doesn't sleep.</div>
                                                          <div>(2) Kim
                                                          probably
                                                          sleeps.</div>
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>... where
                                                          in (3) and (4)
                                                          it points to
                                                          the ARG0 of
                                                          _can_v_rel and
                                                          _would_v_rel
                                                          respectively:</div>
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>(3) Kim
                                                          can sleep.</div>
                                                          <div>(4) Kim
                                                          would sleep.</div>
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>I'm
                                                          wondering what
                                                          difference we
                                                          intend to
                                                          model here.
                                                           (This
                                                          question comes
                                                          up now</div>
                                                          <div>because
                                                          we're looking
                                                          at negation in
                                                          my grammar
                                                          engineering
                                                          class, and the
                                                          out-of-the-box</div>
                                                          <div>analysis
                                                          for languages
                                                          which express
                                                          negation with
                                                          an auxiliary
                                                          has neg_rel
                                                          falling</div>
                                                          <div>in the
                                                          latter class.)</div>
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>Thanks,</div>
                                                          <div>Emily</div>
                                                          <div><br
                                                          clear="all">
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          -- <br>
                                                          <div
class="m_-8265124334523577790m_-6591178192211473240m_-8944700136553354417m_-310726251724269823m_-1602240225619716942m_6920975839983985265gmail_signature"
data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
                                                          <div dir="ltr">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div dir="ltr">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div dir="ltr">Emily
                                                          M. Bender<br>
                                                          Professor, <span
style="font-size:12.8px">Department of Linguistics</span></div>
                                                          <div dir="ltr">Check
                                                          out CLMS on
                                                          facebook! <a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.facebook.com/uwclma"
                                                          target="_blank">http://www.facebook.com/uwclma</a><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          <br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <br>
                                                          <br
                                                          clear="all">
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          -- <br>
                                                          <div
class="m_-8265124334523577790m_-6591178192211473240m_-8944700136553354417m_-310726251724269823m_-1602240225619716942gmail_signature"
data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
                                                          <div dir="ltr">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div dir="ltr">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div dir="ltr">Emily
                                                          M. Bender<br>
                                                          Professor, <span
style="font-size:12.8px">Department of Linguistics</span></div>
                                                          <div dir="ltr">Check
                                                          out CLMS on
                                                          facebook! <a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.facebook.com/uwclma"
                                                          target="_blank">http://www.facebook.com/uwclma</a><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          <br>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </blockquote>
                                                </div>
                                                <br>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </blockquote>
                                          <br>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </blockquote>
                                </div>
                                <br>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <br>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </blockquote>
                  </div>
                  <br>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
        <br>
        <br clear="all">
        <div><br>
        </div>
        -- <br>
        <div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
          <div dir="ltr">
            <div>
              <div dir="ltr">
                <div>
                  <div dir="ltr">Emily M. Bender<br>
                    Professor, <span style="font-size:12.8px">Department
                      of Linguistics</span></div>
                  <div dir="ltr">Check out CLMS on facebook! <a
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      href="http://www.facebook.com/uwclma"
                      target="_blank">http://www.facebook.com/uwclma</a><br>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>