<div dir="ltr">As far as I know, there wasn't any discussion between Paris in 2010 and the StanfordDefaults discussion...<div><br></div><div>Emily</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Sep 5, 2018 at 9:45 AM, <a href="mailto:goodman.m.w@gmail.com">goodman.m.w@gmail.com</a> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:goodman.m.w@gmail.com" target="_blank">goodman.m.w@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Thanks for sharing, Emily.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">If that was in Paris in 2010, did anything change by the StanfordDefaults discussion? In particular, I didn't see any clear mention in the StanfordDefaults wiki of the "collateral file" of default constraints that your notes describe. Is that still the preferred method? I would think that having these constraints separate from the relevant type descriptions would be confusing, but it sounds like there were convincing arguments for it.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">If we do have the separate file, I hope it would be a format supported by all processors and not separately in, e.g., ace/config.tdl and lkb/script.<br></div></div><div class="HOEnZb"><div class="h5"><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">On Tue, Sep 4, 2018 at 3:11 PM Emily M. Bender <<a href="mailto:ebender@uw.edu" target="_blank">ebender@uw.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Dear Mike,<div><br></div><div>Thanks for bringing up this issue. At the 2010 DELPH-IN Paris Summit, Ann and I had a further conversation about this, from which I took the homework of typing up what it is I'd like to have (as a grammar developer, and especially from the point of view of the Matrix) wrt to defeasible constraints. Here's what I wrote down later that year (Oct 27):</div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">Dear Ann,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">Here, with much more delay than I intended, is the write up</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">I promised of my (reconstruction of my) understanding of where</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">we ended up in our discussion of<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">defeasible</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>identity<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">constra<wbr>ints</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">over crepes in Paris.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">First, why I want it:</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">In lexical rules, we want to be able say (like in SWB) that</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">the value of certain features (HOOK, CAT, ARG-ST) is shared</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">between the mother and the daughter unless the rule contradicts</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">this. If the rule does contradict it, then we want only the information</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">specifically stated as such to change, and the rest "around" it,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">to be shared.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">For a concrete example, take a hypothetical lexical rule that</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">changes the case on the first complement from acc to dat.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">First, here's the general lex rule type:</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">lex-rule := phrase-or-lexrule & word-or-lexrule &</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> [ NEEDS-AFFIX bool,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT [ RELS [ LIST #first,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> LAST #last ],</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> HCONS [ LIST #hfirst,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> LAST #hlast ] ],</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> DTR #dtr & word-or-lexrule &</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT [ RELS [ LIST #first,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> LAST #middle ],</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> HCONS [ LIST #hfirst,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> LAST #hmiddle ] ],</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> ALTS #alts ],</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> C-CONT [ RELS [ LIST #middle,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> LAST #last ],</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> HCONS [ LIST #hmiddle,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> LAST #hlast ]],</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> ALTS #alts,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> ARGS < #dtr > ].</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">And a subtype with the<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">defeasible</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>identity indicated</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">(using /# for now):</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">defeasible</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">-identity-lex-rule := lex-rule &</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> [<span> </span></span><a href="http://synsem.local.cat/" rel="noreferrer" style="color:rgb(17,85,204);font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" target="_blank">SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT</a><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>/#cat,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> ARG-ST /#arg-st,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> C-CONT.HOOK /#hook,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> DTR [ LOCAL [ CAT /#cat,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> CONT.HOOK /#hook ],</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> ARG-ST /#arg-st ]].</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">The lex rule definition itself would just look like this:</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">acc-to-dat-obj-lex-rule := lex-rule &</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.COMPS.FIRST.</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">L<wbr>OCAL.CAT.HEAD.CASE dat,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> DTR.SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT.COMPS.</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">FI<wbr>RST.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD.CASE acc ].</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">The intended behavior is for that to compile into a rule that</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">includes<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">constraints</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>like these (I'm sure I'm missing some here):</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">acc-to-dat-obj-lex-rule (expanded):</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> [<span> </span></span><a href="http://synsem.local.cat/" rel="noreferrer" style="color:rgb(17,85,204);font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" target="_blank">SYNSEM.LOCAL.CAT</a><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>[ HEAD #head,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> VAL [ SPR #spr,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> SPEC #spec,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> SUBJ #subj,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> COMPS [ REST #rest,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> FIRST [</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">NON-LOCAL #non-local,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> LOCAL [ CONT #cont,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> CAT [ VAL #val,</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> AGR #agr,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> HEAD.CASE dat ]]]]]],</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> C-CONT.HOOK #hook,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> ARG-ST #arg-st,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> DTR [ SYNSEM.LOCAL [ CONT.HOOK #hook,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> CAT [ HEAD #head,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> VAL [ SPR #spr,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> SPEC #spec,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> SUBJ #subj,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> COMPS [ REST #rest,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> FIRST [ NON-LOCAL #non-local,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> LOCAL [ CONT #cont,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> CAT [ VAL #val,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> AGR #agr,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> HEAD.CASE acc ]]]]]]],</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"> ARG-ST #arg-st ]].</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">What I remember from Paris is that we decided it would be best to</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">encode these<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">constraints</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>not directly in the type definition as</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">I did above in<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">defeasible</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">-identity-lex-<wbr>rule but in a collateral file that</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">instructs the LKB to do something special with certain feature paths</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">on instances of certain types at compile time.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">We also worked out that we would only be able to "push down" the identity</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">constraint</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>to features that were necessitated by the types invoked</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">in the rule. Thus in the example above, we know that SPR, SPEC and SUBJ</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">need to be identified because the value of VAL is necessarily "valence"</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">(and not valence-min) as we've mentioned COMPS. But if CASE were appropriate</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">for both noun and comp (for example), then we wouldn't be able to know to</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">put in identity<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">constraints</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>for any other features of noun (or comp). If</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">the daughter in fact had a<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">constraint</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>on one of these other features,</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">it wouldn't </span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">be copied up to the mother. Relatedly, we lose the actual HEAD </span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">value because </span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">we can't identify HEAD while changing CASE. (So here, the grammar </span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">writer </span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">would need to stipulate [HEAD noun], say, on the mother.)</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">In Paris, I remember being convinced that the added simplicity in defining</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">lexical rules would out-weigh the lack of transparency noted above. And</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">I'm still pretty sure I agree with that. One thing in favor of that </span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">view is that </span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">if a rule </span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">defined using the<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">defeasible</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>identity type didn't have the expected </span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">behavior, the </span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">grammar engineer could always either add<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">constraints</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>or side-step</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">that type and hand-specify all the desired identities.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">A further complication I noticed while writing out this example is the</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">interaction between<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">defeasible</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>and indefeasible identity tags. Two conditions</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">to consider:</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">1) The rule inherits a<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">constraint</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>(e.g., from the type of the DTR value) that</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">the REST of the ARG-ST is the same as the COMPS list.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">2) The rule doesn't inherit such a<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">constraint</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">, but the constituent that</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">serves as the daughter identifies its ARG-ST.REST and its COMPS.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">I think (2) isn't a problem (this is very similar to things that confused</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">Tom, Ivan and I as we designed the lex rules in the textbook, though, so I'm</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">not feeling very confident just now!). As for (1), it could entail a similar</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">push down of identity inside the ARG-ST. But what if the ARG-ST to</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">DTR.ARG-ST identification were a non-</span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">defeasible</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline"><span> </span>identity<span> </span></span><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail-il" style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">constr<wbr>aint</span><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">?</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">Maybe that's just a broken grammar that either shouldn't compile or would</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">just have surprising behavior.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">I hope you are still interested in this problem. Let me know if/when it would</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">be useful to have a grammar to play with.</span><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><br style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial"><span style="font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">Thanks!</span><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Sep 4, 2018 at 10:42 AM, <a href="mailto:goodman.m.w@gmail.com" target="_blank">goodman.m.w@gmail.com</a> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:goodman.m.w@gmail.com" target="_blank">goodman.m.w@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Hello everyone,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">I appreciate the feedback I've received in previous messages in my attempts to dust off neglected corners of TDL syntax, and I'd now like to bring up "defaults", or "defeasible constraints" (I believe these refer to the same thing). Are we prepared to start supporting defaults/defeasible-<wbr>constraints in our processors and using them in our grammars? Or should we discard them as an undesired experimental feature (i.e., declare them to *not* be part of DELPH-IN TDL)?<br><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Further information:<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div>Currently, only the LKB supports them (and maybe PET?). As I understand, they are a compile-time feature, meaning that they change how the grammar is compiled and that there is no longer a notion of "defaults" during run-time. I don't think the use of defaults causes any change in the competence or performance of a grammar.<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">The benefit of defaults is for the grammar engineer as it can reduce the amount of boilerplate code and make the grammar source code more intuitive. I think any result that makes grammar writing easier is a big win. The differences it creates between the source-code form of the grammar and the compiled hierarchy, however, can complicate debugging (e.g., interactive unification).<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Some links:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> - <a href="http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/J99-1002" target="_blank">http://www.aclweb.org/<wbr>anthology/J99-1002</a></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> - <a href="http://moin.delph-in.net/ParisDefeasibleConstraints" target="_blank">http://moin.delph-in.net/<wbr>ParisDefeasibleConstraints</a></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> - <a href="http://moin.delph-in.net/StanfordDefaults" target="_blank">http://moin.delph-in.net/<wbr>StanfordDefaults</a><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br clear="all"></font></span></div><span class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062m_-2873427553648370275gmail_signature">-Michael Wayne Goodman</div></font></span></div></div></div></div> </blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="m_4440253639959141842m_7857772880732600062gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr">Emily M. Bender<br>Professor, <span style="font-size:12.8px">Department of Linguistics</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px">University of Washington</span></div><div>Twitter: @emilymbender</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </blockquote></div><br clear="all"><br></div></div><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888">-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="m_4440253639959141842gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">-Michael Wayne Goodman</div> </font></span></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr">Emily M. Bender<br>Professor, <span style="font-size:12.8px">Department of Linguistics</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px">University of Washington</span></div><div>Twitter: @emilymbender</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div>